Trials and Appeals play a role in reviewing examiner’s deci-sions as the upper instance of examination, and in achieving early resolution of disputes over the validity of IP rights. To fulll these roles adequately, various initiatives to ensure a highly reliable trial/appeal decisions and its timeliness have been taken.1) Performance of Trials and AppealsThe status of the proceedings in 2019 is as shown in Figure 2-1-17. [Figure 2-1-17] Inter-partes trial cases are prioritized over ex-parte appeal cases in principle for early dispute resolution. Appeals against an examiner’s decision of refusal cases, if a case satises the specic requirements, the JPO gives priority to and conducts accelerated appeal proceedings for the case upon request. In 2019, the number of requests for accelerated appeal proceedings＊1 was 204 for patents, 1 for designs, and 22 for trademarks. The average pendency period＊2 was 4.0 months for patents, 1.5 months for designs, and 3.1 months for trademarks.2) Revision of the Manual for Trial and Appeal Proceedings (“Manual”)＊3In 2019, the operation of the trial and appeal system was revised as follows. Revised the Manual for Trial and Appeal Proceedings for the purpose of elaborating described matters including trial/appeal decisions in trials for invalidation, etc., and began utilizing it on July 1, 2019. Added a new item regarding Hantei (advisory opinion) for an essentiality check, which commenced in April 2018 (Manual 58-04). Added a new description to the effect that, pursuant to the revision of the Patent Act, prohibition of inspection of any trade secret in documents pertaining to a Hantei (advisory opinion) became possible if a party to the case or an interve-nor has given notice that a proprietary trade secret of the party or intervenor is included in those documents (Manual 01-01).審判は、審査の上級審として審査官がした査定を見直す役割や、産業財産権の有効性をめぐる紛争の早期解決を図る役割を担っている。これらの役割を十分に果たすため、信頼性の高い審決及び審決の適時性の確保の実現に向けた種々の取組を実施している。1）審判実績2019年の審理の状況は、2-1-17図のとおりである。［2-1-17図］ 当事者系審判事件については、紛争の早期解決を図るため、原則として査定系の審判事件より優先的に着手。 拒絶査定不服審判事件について、特定の要件を満たす場合、申出により審理を優先的に行う早期審理を実施。2019年における早期審理の申出件数＊1は特許で204件、意匠で1件、商標で22件であり、審理期間＊2は特許で平均4.0か月、意匠で平均1.5か月、商標で平均3.1か月。2）審判便覧＊3の改訂2019年は、審判制度の運用について、以下の見直しを行った。 無効審判における審決等の記載事項の充実化等を目的として審判便覧を改訂し、2019年7月1日より運用。 2018年4月より開始している標準必須性に係る判断のための判定に関する項目を新設（審判便覧58-04）。 特許法改正に伴い、申出により、判定に係る書類の営業秘密の閲覧制限が可能になった旨の記載を追加（審判便覧01-01）。4Trials and Appeals審判4＊2In the cases that are subject to accelerated appeal proceedings, the average pendency is an average Calendar ear (C) period from the date it becomes ready to conduct proceedings, after a request for accelerated appeal proceedings, to the date an appeal decision is dispatched.早期審理の対象となった事件について、早期審理の申出がなされ審理可能となってから審決が発送されるまでの期間の暦年平均。＊1The number of cases where the “Written Explanation of Circumstances Concerning Accelerated Appeal Proceedings” was submitted and the cases were transferred to the board in charge. When the cases that were not transferred to the board in charge (including cases that involve decision to grant a patent upon reconsideration by examiner before appeal proceeding) are included, the number of requests for accelerated appeal proceedings made in 2019 was 288 for patents, 1 for designs, and 24 for trademarks. 「早期審理に関する事情説明書」が提出され部門移管された件数。部門移管されなかった件数（前置登録された事件等）を含めると、2019年における早期審理の申出件数は、特許が288件、意匠が1件、商標が24件。74Chapter 1 第1章
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