C12N   1/00		ʪʪʸưʪХƥꥢޤϥ륹ʪޤޣˣ൯ʪޤޣˣ൯ʪޤޣˣʺٶݹޤϹʪĴ㡥˦說󡤣ˣˡʪޤϤʪݻޤ¸뤿ˡʪޤʪĴޤʬΥˡΤϡΣ	Microorganisms; Compositions thereof  (medicinal preparations containing material from protozoa, bacteria or viruses <b>A61K35/66</b>, from algae <b>A61K36/02</b>, from fungi <b>A61K36/06</b>;  preparing medicinal bacterial antigen or antibody compositions, e.g. bacterial vaccines, <b>A61K39/00</b>);Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor	17337
C12N   1/02		ϤʪʬΥΣ	Separating microorganisms from their culture media	5961
C12N   1/04		ʪ¸ݻʸ경ʪãΣˡΣ	Preserving or maintaining viable microorganisms(immobilised microorganisms <b>C12N11/00</b>)	5392
C12N   1/06		ʪϲΣ	Lysis of microorganisms	2528
C12N   1/063		ΡΣ	of yeast	
C12N   1/066		ʪŪΣ	by physical processes	
C12N   1/08		˻̤θΣ	Reducing the nucleic acid content	398
C12N   1/10		ưʪΤϡΣ	Protozoa; Culture media therefor	861
C12N   1/105		ưʪñΥΡΣ	Protozoal isolates	
C12N   1/11		ʪƳˤäƽ줿ΡΣ	modified by introduction of foreign genetic material	452
C12N   1/12		ñ˦ࡨΤϡʿʿʪȣˡΣ	Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor(as new plants <b>A01H13/00</b>)	8934
C12N   1/125		ñ˦ñΥΡΣ	Unicellular algae isolates	
C12N   1/13		ʪƳˤäƽ줿ΡΣ	modified by introduction of foreign genetic material	1248
C12N   1/14		ʤΤκݣǣʿʪȣˡΤϡΣ	Fungi(culture of mushrooms <b>A01G18/00</b>; as new plants <b>A01H15/00</b>);Culture media therefor	25413
C12N   1/145		ñΥΡΣ	Fungi isolates	
C12N   1/15		ʪƳˤäƽ줿ΡΣ	modified by introduction of foreign genetic material	26937
C12N   1/16		졨ΤϡΣ	Yeasts; Culture media therefor	12690
C12N   1/165		ñΥΡΣ	Yeast isolates	
C12N   1/18		ѥ졨ӡΣ	Baker's yeast; Brewer's yeast	5012
C12N   1/185		åߥñΥΡΣ	Saccharomyces isolates	
C12N   1/19		ʪƳˤäƽ줿ΡΣ	modified by introduction of foreign genetic material	35220
C12N   1/20		ٶݡΤϡΣ	Bacteria; Culture media therefor	88540
C12N   1/205		ٶñΥΡΣ	Bacterial isolates	
C12N   1/21		ʪƳˤäƽ줿ΡΣ	modified by introduction of foreign genetic material	66224
C12N   1/22		ޤϤβÿʬʪˡޤϤޤϡΣ	Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof	1186
C12N   1/24		βѱդˡޤϤޤϡΣ	Processes using, or culture media containing, waste sulfite liquor	145
C12N   1/26		úǤˡޤϤޤϡʪѤúãǣˡΣ	Processes using, or culture media containing, hydrocarbons(refining of hydrocarbon oils by using microorganisms <b>C10G32/00</b>)	903
C12N   1/28		²ΤΡΣ	aliphatic	246
C12N   1/30		úǸңİʲΤΡΣ	having five or less carbon atoms	139
C12N   1/32		饢륫Ρ롤ʤââΤΤѤޤϤޤϡΣ	Processes using, or culture media containing, lower alkanols, i.e. C<sub>1</sub> to C<sub>6</sub>	676
C12N   1/34		ˢϤѤˡΣ	Processes using foam culture	150
C12N   1/36		˦ŬޤಽΣ	Adaptation or attenuation of cells	2535
C12N   1/38		ɬܤҤǤʤʪźäˤޤϳβŪɷ㡨ʪνˤλɷʣãΣͥˡΣ	Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factors; Stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound(<b>C12N1/34</b> takes precedence)	5355
C12N   3/00		˦ҤηޤʬΥˡΣ	Spore-forming or isolating processes	1566
C12N   5/00		ҥȡưʪޤϿʪκ˦㡥饤ȿܤޤϰݻΤϡȿܵѤˤ뿢ʪȣˡΣ	Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor(plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques <b>A01H4/00</b>)	25982
C12N   5/02		ˤñޤʣκ˦ΰݻΤϡΣ	Propagation of single cells or cells in suspension; Maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor	10595
C12N   5/04		ʪ˦ޤȿΣ	Plant cells or tissues	13996
C12N   5/07		ưʪ˦ޤȿΣ<br><br><b><ul></ul></b><br>Υ롼פΥ֥롼״֤ˤϥ饹ȥץ쥤ͥ롼뤬ŬѤʤΣ	Animal cells or tissues; <br><br><b><u>Note(s)</u></b><br><br><ul><li>The last place priority rule does not apply between the subgroups of this group.</li></ul>	10300
C12N   5/071		ưʪ˦ޤȿ㡥ҥȺ˦ޤȿΣ	Vertebrate cells or tissues, e.g. human cells or tissues	25300
C12N   5/073		˦ޤȿۻ˦ޤȿΣ	Embryonic cells or tissues; Foetal cells or tissues	3325
C12N   5/0735		˦˦Σ	Embryonic stem cells; Embryonic germ cells	4288
C12N   5/074		δ˦Σ	Adult stem cells	5619
C12N   5/075		˦񸶺˦Σ	Oocytes; Oogonia	1201
C12N   5/076		˦˦Σ	Sperm cells; Spermatogonia	1164
C12N   5/077		պ˦㡥˦˦ּ˦ú˦ޤ϶˦Σ	Mesenchymal cells, e.g. bone cells, cartilage cells, marrow stromal cells, fat cells or muscle cells	9513
C12N   5/0775		շϴ˦ȿͳ贴˦Σ	Mesenchymal stem cells; Adipose-tissue derived stem cells	10754
C12N   5/078		դޤȱַϤκ˦Σ	Cells from blood or from the immune system	5669
C12N   5/0781		º˦˦Σ	B cells; Progenitors thereof	1372
C12N   5/0783		Ժ˦Σ˺˦Ժ˦ϣΣ˺˦˦Σ	T cells; NK cells; Progenitors of T or NK cells	12017
C12N   5/0784		˦˦Σ	Dendritic cells; Progenitors thereof	2460
C12N   5/0786		ñ塨ޥեΣ	Monocytes; Macrophages	2242
C12N   5/0787		γ塤㡥塤塤塤˦Σ	Granulocytes, e.g. basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils or mast cells	529
C12N   5/0789		˦¿ǽ˦Σ	Stem cells; Multipotent progenitor cells	3483
C12N   5/079		зϤκ˦Σ	Neural cells	3268
C12N   5/0793		к˦Σ	Neurons	2796
C12N   5/0797		˦˦Σ	Stem cells; Progenitor cells	2158
C12N   5/09		˦Σ	Tumour cells	7490
C12N   5/095		˦˦Σ	Stem cells; Progenitor cells	739
C12N   5/10		ʪƳˤäƽ줿˦㡥륹ž˦Σ	Cells modified by introduction of foreign genetic material, e.g. virus-transformed cells	73809
C12N   5/12		ͻ˦㡥ϥ֥ɡޡΣ	Fused cells, e.g. hybridomas	1495
C12N   5/14		ʪ˦Σ	Plant cells	1400
C12N   5/16		ưʪ˦Σ	Animal cells	3189
C12N   5/18		ͥߺ˦㡥ޥ˦Σ	Murine cells, e.g. mouse cells	1024
C12N   5/20		ͻѡȥʡΰ¥ѵǤΡΣ	one of the fusion partners being a B lymphocyte	4935
C12N   5/22		ҥȺ˦Σ	Human cells	810
C12N   5/24		ͻѡȥʡΰ¥ѵǤΡΣ	one of the fusion partners being a B lymphocyte	178
C12N   5/26		ۼͻˤ˦Σ	Cells resulting from interspecies fusion	128
C12N   5/28		ͻѡȥʡΰҥȺ˦ǤΡΣ	one of the fusion partners being a human cell	142
C12N   7/00		륹㡥ХƥꥪեޤʪĴޤʥ륹ޤޣˣѥ륹ޤϹʪĴ㡥륹說󡤣ˣˡΣ	Viruses, e.g. bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof(medicinal preparations containing viruses <b>A61K35/76</b>; preparing medicinal viral antigen or antibody compositions, e.g. virus vaccines, <b>A61K39/00</b>)	17756
C12N   7/01		ʪƳˤäƽ줿륹㡥Хƥꥪեʥ٥ãΣˡΣ	Viruses, e.g. bacteriophages, modified by introduction of foreign genetic material(vectors <b>C12N15/00</b>)	9527
C12N   7/02		ޤΣ	Recovery or purification	2918
C12N   7/04		Գ貽ޤϼǲ륹֥˥åȤΣ	Inactivation or attenuation; Producing viral sub-units	3602
C12N   7/06		ŪˤΡΣ	by chemical treatment	944
C12N   7/08		륹ηܼˤΡΣ	by serial passage of virus	470
C12N   9/00		ǡ㡥ꥬʣˡΡʪʻѹǴͭޣˣѣѹǤޤϹޣˣǴͭޣãġˡǤĴ˳ʬΥޤˡΣ<br><br><b><ul></ul></b><br>Υ롼פˤơ<br>ΤбǤʬव롨Σ<br>Ǥϰ̤˹ݹǰѰˤɹ̿̾ʬˡɤ˽äʬह롣Ŭʾ礳̾Τϥ֥롼פμ˥å˼Σ	Enzymes, e.g. ligases (6.); Proenzymes; Compositions thereof(preparations containing enzymes for cleaning teeth <b>A61K8/66</b>, <b>A61Q11/00</b>; medicinal preparations containing enzymes or proenzymes <b>A61K38/43</b>; enzyme containing detergent compositions <b>C11D</b>);Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating, or purifying enzymes; <br><br><b><u>Note(s)</u></b><br><br><ul><li>In this group:<ul><li>proenzymes are classified with the corresponding enzymes; </li><li>enzymes are generally categorised according to the "Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes" of the International Commission on Enzymes. Where appropriate, this designation appears in the subgroups below in parenthesis. </li></ul></li></ul>	13981
C12N   9/02		Ըǡʣˡ㡥륷ե顼Σ	Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase	15423
C12N   9/04		ŻҶͿΤȤƤΣãȣϣȴ˺ѤΡ㡥륳æǹǡʣˡΣ	acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)	7436
C12N   9/06		ŻҶͿΤȤƤǴͭʪ˺ѤΡʣˡΣ	acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.7)	2678
C12N   9/08		ŻҼΤȤƤβǤ˺ѤΡʣˡΣ	acting on hydrogen peroxide as acceptor (1.11)	2389
C12N   9/10		žܹǡʣˡʥܥ̥쥢ãΣˡΣ	Transferases (2.)(ribonucleases <b>C12N9/22</b>)	16352
C12N   9/12		ͭžܤΡ㡥ʡʣˡΣ	transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)	12719
C12N   9/14		ÿʬǡʣˡΣ	Hydrolases (3.)	4395
C12N   9/16		ƥ˺ѤΡʣˡΣ	acting on ester bonds (3.1)	7683
C12N   9/18		ܥƥÿʬǡΣ	Carboxylic ester hydrolases	3227
C12N   9/20		ȥꥰꥻɤʬ㡥ѡˤΡΣ	Triglyceride splitting, e.g. by means of lipase	3799
C12N   9/22		ܥ̥쥢Σ	Ribonucleases	12394
C12N   9/24		ꥳ벽ʪ˺ѤΡʣˡΣ	acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)	7653
C12N   9/26		륳ɷ˺ѤΡ㡥ҥ˥٥륿ߥ顼Σ	acting on alpha-1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. hyaluronidase, invertase, amylase	3270
C12N   9/28		ʪΦߥ顼㡥ٶݥߥ顼Σ	Alpha-amylase from microbial source, e.g. bacterial amylase	1242
C12N   9/30		൯ΤΡΣ	Fungal source	526
C12N   9/32		ʪΦߥ顼Σ	Alpha-amylase from plant source	185
C12N   9/34		륳ߥ顼Σ	Glucoamylase	880
C12N   9/36		Ρߥȣ륢ߥΡǥġ륳֤Φ¡˺ѤΡ㡥꥾Σ	acting on beta-1, 4 bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and 2-acetylamino 2-deoxy-D-glucose, e.g. lysozyme	1244
C12N   9/38		¡饯ȡꥳɷ˺ѤΡ㡥¡饯ȥΣ	acting on beta-galactose-glycoside bonds, e.g. beta-galactosidase	1197
C12N   9/40		饯ȡꥳɷ˺ѤΡ㡥饯ȥΣ	acting on alpha-galactose-glycoside bonds, e.g. alpha-galactosidase	522
C12N   9/42		¡륳ɷ˺ѤΡ㡥顼Σ	acting on beta-1, 4-glucosidic bonds, e.g. cellulase	6766
C12N   9/44		륳ɷ˺ѤΡ㡥ߥ顼ץʡΣ	acting on alpha-1, 6-glucosidic bonds, e.g. isoamylase, pullulanase	681
C12N   9/46		ǥȥʡΣ	Dextranase	258
C12N   9/48		ڥץɷ˺ѤΡ㡥ȥܥץ饹󡤥󥢥ߥΥڥץʣˡΣ	acting on peptide bonds, e.g. thromboplastin, leucine aminopeptidase (3.4)	2677
C12N   9/50		ץƥʡΣ	Proteinases	4369
C12N   9/52		ٶݤФ줿ΡΣ	derived from bacteria	2202
C12N   9/54		ٶݤХ륹°ǤΡΣ	bacteria being Bacillus	1694
C12N   9/56		Х륹֥륹ޤϥХ륹ꥱ˥եߥΣ	Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis	841
C12N   9/58		फФ줿ΡΣ	derived from fungi	706
C12N   9/60		줫ΤΡΣ	from yeast	283
C12N   9/62		ڥ륮륹°ΤΡΣ	from Aspergillus	499
C12N   9/64		ưʪȿФ줿Ρ㡥˥Σ	derived from animal tissue, e.g. rennin	6296
C12N   9/66		饹Σ	Elastase	198
C12N   9/68		ץ饹ߥ󡤤ʤե֥ΥꥷΣ	Plasmin, i.e. fibrinolysin	535
C12N   9/70		ȥץȥʡΣ	Streptokinase	136
C12N   9/72		ʡΣ	Urokinase	1295
C12N   9/74		ȥӥΣ	Thrombin	588
C12N   9/76		ȥץ󡨥ȥץΣ	Trypsin; Chymotrypsin	670
C12N   9/78		ڥץɷʳΣáη˺ѤΡʣˡΣ	acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5)	2220
C12N   9/80		ߥɤΥߥɷ˺ѤΡΣ	acting on amide bonds in linear amides	1814
C12N   9/82		ѥ饮ʡΣ	Asparaginase	371
C12N   9/84		ڥ˥󥢥ߥΣ	Penicillin amidase	228
C12N   9/86		ľߥɤΥߥɷ˺ѤΡ㡥ڥ˥ʡΣ	acting on amide bonds in cyclic amides, e.g. penicillinase	501
C12N   9/88		ղùǡʣˡΣ	Lyases (4.)	8726
C12N   9/90		ǡʣˡΣ	Isomerases (5.)	3591
C12N   9/92		륳顼Σ	Glucose isomerase	645
C12N   9/94		ѥ󥯥쥢Σ	Pancreatin	170
C12N   9/96		ղΤޤʪ뤳ȤˤǤΰ경ΤΣ	Stabilising an enzyme by forming an adduct or a composition; Forming enzyme conjugates	4545
C12N   9/98		γޤϼͳήưʪĴʣãΣͥˡΣ	Preparation of granular or free-flowing enzyme compositions(<b>C12N9/96</b> takes precedence)	533
C12N   9/99		ؽˤǤԳΣ	Enzyme inactivation by chemical treatment	6800
C12N  11/00		ôηޤϸ경ǡôηޤϸ경ʪĴΣ	Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof	2954
C12N  11/02		ͭôξޤ˸경Ǥޤʪ˦Σ	Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier	3189
C12N  11/04		ô礵줿Ρ㡥ޤݡΣ	entrapped within the carrier, e.g. gel or hollow fibres	3902
C12N  11/06		ͶˤäôΤȷ礷ΡΣ	attached to the carrier <u>via</u> a bridging agent	717
C12N  11/08		ôΤʬҤǤΡΣ	the carrier being a synthetic polymer	4701
C12N  11/082		úǡú˰·ΤߤͿȿˤä줿ΡΣ	obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds	321
C12N  11/084		ӥ˥륢륳ñ̤ͭŹΡΣ	Polymers containing vinyl alcohol units	369
C12N  11/087		ŹΡΣ	Acrylic polymers	309
C12N  11/089		úǡú˰·ΤߤͿȿʳȿˤä줿ΡΣ	obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds	733
C12N  11/091		եΡ顨ߥμΣ	Phenol resins; Amino resins	91
C12N  11/093		ݥꥦ쥿Σ	Polyurethanes	107
C12N  11/096		ݥꥨƥ롨ݥꥢߥɡΣ	Polyesters; Polyamides	184
C12N  11/098		Ǥޤʪ˦¸߲Ƿ줿ΡΣ	formed in the presence of the enzymes or microbial cells	65
C12N  11/10		ôΤú岽ʪǤΡΣ	the carrier being a carbohydrate	3638
C12N  11/12		ޤϤͶƳΡΣ	Cellulose or derivatives thereof	1173
C12N  11/14		̵ôξޤ˸경Ǥޤʪ˦Σ	Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier	5742
C12N  11/16		ʪ˦ޤ˸경Ǥޤʪ˦Σ	Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in a biological cell	481
C12N  11/18		ʣǷϡΣ	Multi-enzyme systems	515
C12N  13/00		ʪޤϹǤŵޤưͥ륮ˤ㡥ȡΣ	Treatment of microorganisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves	6614
C12N  15/00		Ѱۤޤϰҹءҹؤ˴ؤģΣޤϣңΣ٥㡥ץ饹ߥɡޤϤʬΥ¤ޤΤνɼλѡѰΤޤϰŪ˽줿ʪãΣãΣãΣʪȡȿܵѤˤ뿢ʪȣưʪˣҼ¤μŤΤΤκ˦ʪͭޤλѡҼţˣڥץɰ̣ãˡˡΣ<br><br><b><ul></ul></b><br>Υ롼פϡͤβߤʤˤϼ̾ﵯʤ褦ʡãҹ¤ѲҤβѤ¸ߤˡޤ롣Σ	Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor(mutants or genetically engineered microorganisms <b>C12N1/00</b>, <b>C12N5/00</b>, <b>C12N7/00</b>; new plants <b>A01H</b>; plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques <b>A01H4/00</b>; new animals <b>A01K67/00</b>; use of medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases, gene therapy <b>A61K48/00</b>; peptides in general <b>C07K</b>);<br><br><b><u>Note(s)</u></b><br><br><ul><li>This group <u>covers</u> processes wherein there is a modification of the genetic material which would not normally occur in nature without intervention of man which produce a change in the gene structure which is passed on to succeeding generations. </li></ul>	26680
C12N  15/01		ʪƳʤѰΤĴΤΥ꡼˥ˡΣ	Preparation of mutants without inserting foreign genetic material therein; Screening processes therefor	3387
C12N  15/02		İʾκ˦ͻˤͻ˦Ĵ㡥ץȥץ饹ͻΣ	Preparation of hybrid cells by fusion of two or more cells, e.g. protoplast fusion	6239
C12N  15/03		ٶݡΣ	Bacteria	468
C12N  15/04		Σ	Fungi	406
C12N  15/05		ʪ˦Σ	Plant cells	519
C12N  15/06		ưʪ˦Σ	Animal cells	1383
C12N  15/07		ҥȺ˦Σ	Human cells	287
C12N  15/08		ۼ֤ͻˤ˦Σ	Cells resulting from interspecies fusion	247
C12N  15/09		ȴģΣѡΣ	Recombinant DNA-technology	93087
C12N  15/10		ģΣޤϣңΣʬΥ¤ޤΤˡʣģΣޤϣңΣβŪ¤ãȣʪΤޤϹǤѤ¤ݥ̥쥪ɤ¤ãУˡΣ	Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA(chemical preparation of DNA or RNA <b>C07H21/00</b>; preparation of non-structural polynucleotides from microorganisms or with enzymes <b>C12P19/34</b>)	33743
C12N  15/11		ģΣޤϣңΣե饰ȡνʪȴѤ˻ѤʤģΣޤϣңΣãȣˡΣ	DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof(DNA or RNA not used in recombinant technology <b>C07H21/00</b>)	81735
C12N  15/113		ҤȯĴ᤹󥳡ɳ˻㡥󥹥ꥴ̥쥪ɡΣ	Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides	44691
C12N  15/115		ץޡʤϥ֥ʳμʤǡðŪˤĹɸŪʬҤ˷礹˻Σ	Aptamers, i.e. nucleic acids binding a target molecule specifically and with high affinity without hybridising therewith	5134
C12N  15/117		ȱĴͭ˻㡥ãǥդޤ˻Σ	Nucleic acids having immunomodulatory properties, e.g. containing CpG-motifs	949
C12N  15/12		ưʪ򥳡ɤҡΣ	Genes encoding animal proteins	37383
C12N  15/13		ȱ֥֥Σ	Immunoglobulins	21102
C12N  15/14		ҥȷ֥ߥΣ	Human serum albumins	331
C12N  15/15		ץƥ˳ޡ㡥ȥӥ󡤥ȥץ󡤥ҥ른Σ	Protease inhibitors, e.g. antithrombin, antitrypsin, hirudin	669
C12N  15/16		ۥΣ	Hormones	1430
C12N  15/17		󥷥Σ	Insulins	390
C12N  15/18		ĹۥΣ	Growth hormones	1018
C12N  15/19		󥿡ե󡨥ۥ󡨥ȥΣ	Interferons; Lymphokines; Cytokines	1422
C12N  15/20		󥿡եΣ	Interferons	353
C12N  15/21		󥿡եΣ	Alpha-interferons	420
C12N  15/22		¡󥿡եΣ	Beta-interferons	179
C12N  15/23		á󥿡եΣ	Gamma-interferons	230
C12N  15/24		󥿡Σ	Interleukins	1516
C12N  15/25		󥿡󡽣Σ	Interleukin-1	167
C12N  15/26		󥿡󡽣Σ	Interleukin-2	485
C12N  15/27		ˡɷҡΣ	Colony stimulating factors	431
C12N  15/28		ҡΣ	Tumor necrosis factors	457
C12N  15/29		ʪ㡥ޥ󡤤򥳡ɤҡΣ	Genes encoding plant proteins, e.g. thaumatin	21583
C12N  15/30		ưʪ㡥ѷΡ̲¸ꥢͳ򥳡ɤҡΣ	Genes encoding protozoal proteins, e.g. from Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Eimeria	939
C12N  15/31		ʪ㡥ƥȥ󡤤򥳡ɤҡΣ	Genes encoding microbial proteins, e.g. enterotoxins	14008
C12N  15/32		Х륹ݷ뾽Σ	Bacillus crystal proteins	1051
C12N  15/33		륹򥳡ɤҡΣ	Genes encoding viral proteins	1453
C12N  15/34		ģΣ륹ͳΣ	Proteins from DNA viruses	1519
C12N  15/35		ѥܥ륹ʡ㡥ǭ帺ɥ륹ҥȥѥܥ륹Σ	Parvoviridae, e.g. feline panleukopenia virus, human parvovirus	771
C12N  15/36		إѥɥʥ륹ʡΣ	Hepadnaviridae	218
C12N  15/37		ѥݡХ륹ʡ㡥Ƭ𥦥륹ݥꥪޥ륹ӣ֣Σ	Papovaviridae, e.g. papillomaviruses, polyomavirus, SV40	618
C12N  15/38		إڥ륹ʡ㡥ñإڥ륹Ӿإڥ륹ץ󡽥С륦륹ȥᥬ륹¥륹Σ	Herpetoviridae, e.g. herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, pseudorabies virus	1036
C12N  15/39		ݥå륹ʡ㡥說˥륹쥦륹Σ	Poxviridae, e.g. vaccinia virus, variola virus	325
C12N  15/40		ңΣ륹ͳ㡥եӥ륹Σ	Proteins from RNA viruses, e.g. flaviviruses	1943
C12N  15/41		ԥʥ륹ʡ㡥饤Υ륹å륹륹ƥ륹Σ	Picornaviridae, e.g. rhinovirus, coxsackie viruses, echoviruses, enteroviruses	348
C12N  15/42		֥륹Σ	Foot-and-mouth disease virus	185
C12N  15/43		ݥꥪ륹Σ	Poliovirus	43
C12N  15/44		륽ߥ륹ʡ㡥ե륨󥶥륹Σ	Orthomyxoviridae, e.g. influenza virus	858
C12N  15/45		ѥߥ륹ʡ㡥Ϥ륹դ륹˥塼å¥륹ƥѡ륹֥륹쥹ԥȥꥷ󥷥륦륹Σ	Paramyxoviridae, e.g. measles virus, mumps virus, Newcastle disease virus, canine distemper virus, rinderpest virus, respiratory syncytial viruses	702
C12N  15/46		쥪륹ʡ㡥륹֥롼󥰥륹ɥǮ륹Σ	Reoviridae, e.g. rotavirus, bluetongue virus, Colorado tick fever virus	228
C12N  15/47		֥ɥ륹ʡ㡥¥륹ˢꥦ륹Σ	Rhabdoviridae, e.g. rabies viruses, vesicular stomatitis virus	349
C12N  15/48		ȥ륹㡥¥륹ǭ¥륹Σ	Retroviridae, e.g. bovine leukaemia virus, feline leukaemia virus	604
C12N  15/49		륹ʡ㡥ȣɣ֡ӥʡޥǥ륹ϴϷ쥦륹ʤɤȱ륹Σ	Lentiviridae, e.g. immunodeficiency viruses such as HIV, visna-maedi virus, equine infectious anaemia virus	676
C12N  15/50		ʥ륹ʡ㡥ɻٱꥦ륹°Ĳꥦ륹Σ	Coronaviridae, e.g. infectious bronchitis virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus	1462
C12N  15/51		αꥦ륹Σ	Hepatitis viruses	982
C12N  15/52		ǤޤϹΤ򥳡ɤҡΣ<br><br><b><ul></ul></b><br>Υ롼פˤƤϡ<br>Τ򥳡ɤҤϡбǤ򥳡ɤҤȤʬव롨<br>Ǥϡ̤˹ݹǰѰˤȹǤ̿̾ʬˡɤ˽äʬह롣Ŭʾ礳̾Τϥ롼פμ˥å˼Σ	Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes; <br><br><b><u>Note(s)</u></b><br><br><ul><li>In this group:<ul><li>genes encoding for proenzymes are classified with the corresponding genes encoding enzymes;</li><li>enzymes are generally categorised according to the "Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes" of the International Commission on Enzymes. Where appropriate, this designation appears in the groups below in parenthesis. </li></ul></li></ul>	10716
C12N  15/53		ԸǡʣˡΣ	Oxidoreductases (1)	12992
C12N  15/54		žܹǡʣˡΣ	Transferases (2)	14210
C12N  15/55		ÿʬǡʣˡΣ	Hydrolases (3)	10149
C12N  15/56		ꥳ벽ʪ˺ѤΡʣˡ㡥ߥ顼饯ȥ꥾Σ	acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2), e.g. amylase, galactosidase, lysozyme	5791
C12N  15/57		ڥץɷ˺ѤΡʣˡΣ	acting on peptide bonds (3.4)	3774
C12N  15/58		ץ饹ߥΡҡ㡥ʡԣУΣ	Plasminogen activators, e.g. urokinase, TPA	389
C12N  15/59		⥷Σ	Chymosin	64
C12N  15/60		ղùǡʣˡΣ	Lyases (4)	4962
C12N  15/61		ǡʣˡΣ	Isomerases (5)	2353
C12N  15/62		ͻ򥳡ɤģΣΣ<br><br><b><ul></ul></b><br>Υ롼פˤƤϡѸϰʲ˼̣Ѥ롧<br>ͻɤȤϣĤΰۤʤͻ̣롣Σ	DNA sequences coding for fusion proteins; <br><br><b><u>Note(s)</u></b><br><br><ul><li>In this group, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:<ul><li>"fusion" means the fusion of two different proteins. </li></ul></li></ul>	26804
C12N  15/63		٥ѤʪƳ٥ΤνɼλѡȯΣ	Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression	43925
C12N  15/64		٥¤뤿ᡤ٥˦Ƴ뤿ޤϥ٥ͭɼ򤹤뤿ΰŪˡΣ	General methods for preparing the vector, for introducing it into the cell or for selecting the vector-containing host	5068
C12N  15/65		ޡλѡʥޡȤƻѤǣãΣˡΣ	using markers(enzymes used as markers <b>C12N15/52</b>)	4487
C12N  15/66		ϢȿѤ뤳Ȥˤꡤ٥˰Ҥȴ٥뤿ΰŪˡǽŪ󥫡ޤϥץ㡥¥ɥ̥쥢ǧͭ󥫡λѡΣ<br><br><b><ul></ul></b><br>Υ롼פˤƤϡɽϰʲ˼̣Ѥ롧<br>ǽŪ󥫡ɤϣģΣȷ礹뤿˻Ѥ졤¤ҤδΤεǽޤ浡ǽʤģΣ̣롣Σ	General methods for inserting a gene into a vector to form a recombinant vector using cleavage and ligation; Use of non-functional linkers or adaptors, e.g. linkers containing the sequence for a restriction endonuclease; <br><br><b><u>Note(s)</u></b><br><br><ul><li>In this group, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:<ul><li>"non-functional linkers" means DNA sequences which are used to link DNA sequences and which have no known function of structural gene or regulating function. </li></ul></li></ul>	6399
C12N  15/67		ȯ뤿ΰŪˡΣ	General methods for enhancing the expression	3719
C12N  15/68		٥ΰΣ	Stabilisation of the vector	322
C12N  15/69		٥ΥԡΣ	Increasing the copy number of the vector	319
C12N  15/70		ĲݤäŬ礹٥ޤȯƥΣ<br><br><b><ul></ul></b><br>ʣˤΥ롼פϽɼȤƤĲݤλѤޤ롣Σ<br>ʣĲǤʣ륷ȥ٥¾νɼ˽äʬव롣Σ	Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for E. coli; <br><br><b><u>Note(s)</u></b><br><br><ul><li>This group <u>covers</u> the use of E. coli as host. </li><li>Shuttle vectors also replicating in E. coli are classified according to the other host. </li></ul>	29531
C12N  15/71		𡽥ڥͳ褹ѤȯƥΣ	Expression systems using regulatory sequences derived from the trp-operon	189
C12N  15/72		㡽ڥͳ褹ѤȯƥΣ	Expression systems using regulatory sequences derived from the lac-operon	294
C12N  15/73		˥եѤȯƥΣ	Expression systems using phage lambda regulatory sequences	282
C12N  15/74		Ĳݰʳθ˽ɼ硤㡥饯ȥХ륹ߥΥݥ顤äŬ礹٥ޤȯƥΣ<br><br><b><ul></ul></b><br>Υ롼פϽɼȤƤθʪλѤޤ롣Σ	Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora; <br><br><b><u>Note(s)</u></b><br><br><ul><li>This group <u>covers</u> the use of prokaryotes as hosts. </li></ul>	9948
C12N  15/75		Х륹ѡΣ	for Bacillus	3203
C12N  15/76		ΥߥѡȥץȥߥѡΣ	for Actinomyces; for Streptomyces	958
C12N  15/77		ͥХƥꥦѡ֥ӥХƥꥦѡΣ	for Corynebacterium; for Brevibacterium	1931
C12N  15/78		塼ɥʥѡΣ	for Pseudomonas	678
C12N  15/79		˽ɼäŬ礹٥ޤȯƥΣ<br><br><b><ul></ul></b><br>Υ롼פϽɼȤƤοʪλѤޤ롣Σ	Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts; <br><br><b><u>Note(s)</u></b><br><br><ul><li>This group <u>covers</u> the use of eukaryotes as hosts. </li></ul>	3156
C12N  15/80		ѡΣ	for fungi	3072
C12N  15/81		ѡΣ	for yeasts	11523
C12N  15/82		ʪ˦ѡΣ	for plant cells	46945
C12N  15/83		륹٥㡥ե⥶륹Σ	Viral vectors, e.g. cauliflower mosaic virus	769
C12N  15/84		ԣ顽ץ饹ߥɡΣ	Ti-plasmids	6764
C12N  15/85		ưʪ˦ѡΣ	for animal cells	28520
C12N  15/86		륹٥Σ	Viral vectors	14698
C12N  15/861		ǥΥ륹٥Σ	Adenoviral vectors	5092
C12N  15/863		ݥå륹٥㡥說˥륹Σ	Poxviral vectors, e.g. vaccinia virus	1036
C12N  15/864		ѥܥ륹٥Σ	Parvoviral vectors	4820
C12N  15/866		Х륹٥Σ	Baculoviral vectors	1754
C12N  15/867		ȥ륹٥Σ	Retroviral vectors	9273
C12N  15/869		إڥ륹٥Σ	Herpesviral vectors	1055
C12N  15/87		¾ʬवʤˡѤʪƳ㡥ƱžΣ	Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation	7398
C12N  15/873		¤뤿εѡ㡥˰ܿǽ˦Υޥ˥ԥ졼󡤤ޤϡ¤Σ	Techniques for producing new embryos, e.g. nuclear transfer, manipulation of totipotent cells or production of chimeric embryos	627
C12N  15/877		Ӯưʪ¤뤿εѡΣ	Techniques for producing new mammalian cloned embryos	621
C12N  15/88		ޥץ벽ѤΡ㡥ݥྮ˦ѤΡΣ	using microencapsulation, e.g. using liposome vesicle	3382
C12N  15/89		ޥ󥸥ˡѤΡΣ	using microinjection	1748
C12N  15/90		ģΣؤΰƳΣ	Stable introduction of foreign DNA into chromosome	7961
