TRIPS AGREEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TRIPS AGREEMENT

on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
as concluded on April 15, 1994
ENTRY INTO FORCE: January 1, 1995

Preamble

PART I GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BASIC PRINCIPLES

Article 1 Nature and Scope of Obligations/ Article 2 Intellectual Property Conventions/ Article 3 National Treatment/ Article 4 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment/ Article 5 Multilateral Agreements on Acquisition or Maintenance of Protection/ Article 6 Exhaustion/ Article 7 Objectives/ Article 8 Principles

PART II STANDARDS CONCERNING THE AVAILABILITY, SCOPE AND USE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Section 1 Copyright and Related Rights

Article 9 Relation to the Berne Convention/ Article 10 Computer Programs and Compilations of Data/ Article 11 Rental Rights/ Article 12 Term of Protection/ Article 13 Limitations and Exceptions/ Article 14 Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms (Sound Recordings) and Broadcasting Organizations

Section 2 Trademarks

Article 15 Protectable Subject Matter/ Article 16 Rights Conferred/ Article 17 Exceptions/ Article 18 Term of Protection/ Article 19 Requirement of Use/ Article 20 Other Requirements/ Article 21 Licensing and Assignment

Section 3 Geographical Indications

Article 22 Protection of Geographical Indications/ Article 23 Additional Protection for Geographical Indications for Wines and Spirits/ Article 24 International Negotiations; Exceptions

Section 4 Industrial Designs

Article 25 Requirements for Protection/ Article 26 Protection

Section 5 Patents

Article 27 Patentable Subject Matter/ Article 28 Rights Conferred/ Article 29 Conditions on Patent Applicants/ Article 30 Exceptions to Rights Conferred/ Article 31 Other Use Without Authorization of the Right Holder/ Article 32 Revocation/Forfeiture/ Article 33 Term of Protection/ Article 34 Process Patents: Burden of Proof

Section 6 Layout-Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits

Article 35 Relation to the IPIC Treaty/ Article 36 Scope of the Protection/ Article 37 Acts Not Requiring the Authorization of the Right Holder/ Article 38 Term of Protection

Section 7 Protection of Undisclosed Information

Article 39

Section 8 Control of Anti-Competitive Practices in Contractual Licences

Article 40

PART III ENFORCEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Section 1 General Obligations

Article 41

Section 2 Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies

Article 42 Fair and Equitable Procedures/ Article 43 Evidence/ Article 44 Injunctions/ Article 45 Damages/ Article 46 Other Remedies/ Article 47 Right of Information/ Article 48 Indemnification of the Defendant/ Article 49 Administrative Procedures

Section 3 Provisional Measures

Article 50

Section 4 Special Requirements Related to Border Measures

Article 51 Suspension of Release by Customs Authorities/ Article 52 Application/ Article 53 Security or Equivalent Assurance/ Article 54 Notice of Suspension/ Article 55 Duration of Suspension/ Article 56 Indemnification of the Importer and of the Owner of the Goods/ Article 57 Right of Inspection and Information/ Article 58 Ex Officio Action/ Article 59 Remedies/ Article 60 De Minimis Imports

Section 5 Criminal Procedures

Article 61

PART IV ACQUISITION AND MAINTENANCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND RELATED INTER PARTES PROCEDURES

Article 62

PART V DISPUTE PREVENTION AND SETTLEMENT

Article 63 Transparency/ Article 64 Dispute Settlement

PART VI TRANSITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Article 65 Transitional Arrangements/ Article 66 Least-Developed Country Members/ Article 67 Technical Cooperation

PART VII INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS; FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 68 Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights/ Article 69 International Cooperation/ Article 70 Protection of Existing Subject Matter/ Article 71 Review and Amendment/ Article 72 Reservations/ Article 73 Security Exceptions

[Last updated 1 April 2004]